Planar graphs without 3-cycles and with 4-cycles far apart are 3-choosable

A graph G is said to be L-colourable if for a given list assignment L = {L(v)|v ∈ V (G)} there is a proper colouring c of G such that c(v) ∈ L(v) for all v in V (G). If G is L-colourable for all L with |L(v)| ≥ k for all v in V (G), then G is said to be k-choosable. This paper focuses on two different ways to prove list colouring results on planar graphs. The first method will be discharging, which will be used to fuse multiple results into one theorem. The second method will be restricting the lists of vertices on the boundary and applying induction, which will show that planar graphs without 3- cycles and 4-cycles distance 8 apart are 3-choosable

The Development of Polyamines throughout Brassica rapa over its Lifecycle

Polyamines are naturally produced chemicals in plants involved in growth, development and stress response. The primary objective of my study is to create a profile of changes in the entire life of the plant, in every organ at all stages of development from seed germination to seed formation. We have analyzed polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine in all parts of Brassica rapa, a small, rapid growing plant. Parallel to the polyamines, we will also study changes in the activities of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes and the expression of their genes in different organs at different times. In the next stage of the study, the expression of selected genes will be inhibited by RNAi constructs, allowing further analysis of their role in growth and stress response. Because polyamines play are important in development and lifecycle of plants, altering their presence may be useful in altering plant growth patterns, such as in seasonal crops

I Want To Be A Regular Rah Rah Boy

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/4972/thumbnail.jp

Enhancing Stability of High-Nickel Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries through Additive Manufacturing of Cathode Structure

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the best method to store electrical energy for use in portable electronics and electronic vehicles. New cathode materials for LIBs are consistently studied and researched, but few are as promising and attainable as nickel-rich transition metal oxides such as LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2 (NMC). NMC materials exist with many different mass ratios, but higher nickel content materials provide higher energy density. With this increase in capacity comes a sacrifice with cyclability, as high-nickel NMC variants are prone to structure collapse, transition metal dissolution, and cracks due to volume change. In this report, mechanical modification of the electrode by 3D printing is explored as a method to stabilize the cathode structure through optimization of lithiation paths and accommodation of volume change. 3D printed NMC 811 shows substantially higher capacity retention and structure health after cycling at low-rate testing compared with traditional doctor-bladed NMC 811, revealing a scalable and facile method of improving the cyclability of nickel-rich cathode material

Code conversion with the quantum Golay code for a universal transversal gate set

The $[[7,1,3]]$ Steane code and $[[23,1,7]]$ quantum Golay code have been identified as good candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computing via code concatenation. These two codes have transversal implementations of all Clifford gates, but require some other scheme for fault-tolerant $T$ gates. Using magic states, Clifford operations, and measurements is one common scheme, but magic state distillation can have a large overhead. Code conversion is one avenue for implementing a universal gate set fault-tolerantly without the use of magic state distillation. Analogously to how the $[[7,1,3]]$ Steane code can be fault-tolerantly converted to and from the $[[15,1,3]]$ Reed-Muller code which has a transversal $T$ gate, the $[[23,1,7]]$ Golay code can be converted to a $[[95,1,7]]$ triorthogonal code with a transversal $T$ gate. A crucial ingredient to this procedure is the $[[49,1,5]]$ triorthogonal code, which can itself be seen as related to the self-dual $[[17,1,5]]$ 2D color code. Additionally, a new method for code conversion based off a transversal CNOT between the codes, rather than stabilizer measurements, is described.Comment: General improvements, new conversion technique described. 21 pages, 3 figure

Leveraging Virtualization for Performance Driven Development

This thesis contains the research component of a software engineering study to create a .NET application performance testing lab, and several guided learning activities intended to teach the fundamentals of how to use it. In arriving upon the research which serves as the groundwork for this project, an introduction to the concepts of software performance, the risks associated with performances, and an approach to mitigating this risks called performance driven development is presented. This introduction is expanded by an overview of how performance is affected from application, network, database and presentation aspects. To address problems associated with performance in .NET web applications, a virtual test lab has been created on the software engineering lab server at Regis University\u27s Academic Research Network (ARNe), and this paper documents the architecture of that test lab. In order to demonstrate how it can be used students, developers or others previously unfamiliar with performance testing, a series of presentations has been composed, and this paper represents the research conducted in composing them. This research includes a basic level understanding of Visual Studio Team System 2008\u27s test tools, and virtualization with VMWare

The Expansion of Science Policy in the United States in Three Cases: rDNA Research, The Human Genome Project, and the National Nanotechnology Initiative

In recent decades, the agencies tasked with science funding and science policy in the U.S. have increasingly embraced new ideas about the role and duty of science in society. They have opened up to the idea that science and technoscience -- the intersection of science and technology -- have duties to the public beyond simply providing discoveries and innovative technologies. This is reflected in changes in an expansion of science policy to accommodate new concerns, like ethical and societal implications, and new actors, including lay publics. In this dissertation, I trace these changes historically through three emerging technoscientific projects: recombinant DNA, the Human Genome Project, and the National Nanotechnology Initiative. I show that while each of these cases involved a significant expansion in what was considered acceptable science policy, those expansions were met with efforts to constrain the degree of change they brought about for technoscientific development. The constraints were intended to protect scientific authority and autonomy in the face of the changes that the expansion of science policy brought with them. This dissertation questions the degree to which upstream changes to science policy – those motivated from the top-down by scientists and science agency administrators – will bring about critical reflection by policymakers about technoscientific development and governance.PHDSociologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145963/1/msulli_1.pd